Упражнения на тему времен Perfect. The Present Perfect Tense

Поставьте глагол в форму Present Perfect, Past Perfect или Future Perfect.

Our taxi… by 9 o’clock yesterday morning. Let’s go. The guests already… . They… by the time the meeting starts.

I am tired of waiting. Where you… ? By the time I’m 30 I… a famous scientist. He didn’t remember where he… before the accident.

We… the house by next Tuesday. She… more than 10 pictures already. I wondered if they… the room.

2. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в форме Present Perfect, Past Perfect или Future Perfect.

Sam… (lose) his keys. So he can’t open the door. When I woke up in the morning, the rain already… (stop). I hope I… (finish) my test by midnight. The film turned out to be much longer than we… (expect). My sister just… (leave) for the bank. The girls were good friends. They… (know) each other for 5 years. Mother… (lay) the table before we come. I never… (try) Japanese food. Ted was so happy because his dream… (come) true. We… (be) to Paris many times.

3. Выберите в скобках подходящее слово или словосочетание. Переведите предложения.

She will have finished her resume… (on Monday/by Monday/last Monday). The aircraft hasn’t landed… (yet/just/already). We have lived in New York… (since/from/for) three years. … (After/Already/Ago) they had eaten the cake, they cleared the table. They will have decorated the Christmas tree… (by the time/before/by then). My uncle has… (already/yet/ago) repaired his car. I haven’t met them… (from/since/for) their wedding. … (By the time/Already/Just) the sun set, the farmers had already stopped working. Have you… (just/ever/yet) been married, Kelly? … (When/How much/How long) has he known her?

Ответы:

Had arrived (Наше такси приехало к 9 часам вчера утром.) The guests have already arrived. (Пойдем. Гости уже прибыли.) Will have arrived (Они придут к тому времени, когда начнется собрание.) Where have you been? (Я устал ждать. Где ты был?) Will have been (К тому времени, когда мне будет 30, я буду знаменитым ученым.) Had been (Он не помнил, где был до несчастного случая.) Will have painted (Мы покрасим дом к следующему вторнику.) Has painted (Она уже нарисовала более 10 картин.) Had painted (Мне было интересно, покрасили ли они комнату.)

Has lost (Сэм потерял ключи. Поэтому он не может открыть дверь.) Had already stopped (Когда я проснулся утром, дождь уже закончился.) Will have finished (Надеюсь закончить контрольную к полуночи.) Had expected (Оказалось, что фильм шел намного дольше, чем мы ожидали.) Has just left (Моя сестра только что ушла в банк.) Had known (Девушки были хорошими подругами. Они знали друг друга 5 лет.) Will have laid (Мама накроет на стол до того, как мы придем.) Have never tried (Я никогда не пробовал японскую еду.) Had come (Тэд был так счастлив, потому что его мечта исполнилась.) Have been (Мы были в Париже много раз.)

By Monday (Она закончит свое резюме к понедельнику.) Yet (Самолет еще не приземлился.) For (Мы живем в Нью-Йорке три года.) After (После того, как они съели торт, они убрали со стола.) By then (Они украсят елку к тому времени.) Already (Моя дядя уже починил машину.) Since (Я не встречал их после свадьбы.) By the time (К тому времени как солнце село, фермеры уже закончили работу.) Ever (Ты была когда-нибудь замужем, Келли?) How long (Как долго он знает ее?)

(1 оценок, среднее: 5.00 из 5)

Related topics:

1. 1. Поставьте глагол в форму Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous или Future Perfect Continuous. To teach She… German since 1970. She… German for 50 years by the year of... ...
2. 1. Преобразуйте следующие утвердительные предложения в отрицательные. By 6 o’clock the rain had stopped. We were having tea at 5 o’clock. They had been staying at the hotel since May.... ...
3. 1. Преобразуйте следующие утвердительные предложения в отрицательные. Переведите получившиеся предложения. We’ll have packed our luggage by the time the taxi comes. The government will close the old jail. My son... ...
4. 1. Поставьте глагол в форму Present Continuous, Past Continuous или Future Continuous. To shine The sun… yesterday morning. The sun… brightly now. Tomorrow the sun… all day long. To write... ...
5. 1. Преобразуйте следующие утвердительные предложения в отрицательные. He usually leaves work at 5 p. m. We are enjoying the party. Mary has just met my boss. I’ve been writing this... ...
6. 1. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple. We… (go) roller-skating last Saturday. Our granny… (bake) meat-pies every weekend. We… (write) an essay tomorrow. I... ...
7. 1. Поставьте глаголы из скобок в форму Past Perfect или Past Perfect Continuous. Julia wanted to sit down as she… (stand) at work all day long. (Джулия хотела присесть, потому... ...
8. 1. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в форму Future Perfect Tense. Обратите внимание на отрицательные и вопросительные предложения. By the end of the spring we… (do) five exams. (К концу... ...
9. 1. Поставьте глагол из скобок в форму Future Perfect или Future Perfect Continuous. They… (build) the airport by April. (Они построят аэропорт к апрелю.) The speaker… (present) his project for... ...
10. 1. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в форму Future Perfect Continuous. Обратите внимание на отрицательные и вопросительные предложения. By the time you come the kids… (play) chess for more than... ...

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect.

1. – You (see) the latest video game? – No. I not (see) it yet. I am not a gameaholic. 2. Sorry, I think I (lose) the file. You (see) it? – No, I not (see) it. 3. My computer (crash). May I use yours? 4. You’re late. The plane already (take off). 5. Hurrah! We (win) the match! We’re the champions now. 6. Your taxi just (arrive). 7. I’m afraid Fiona isn’t here. She (leave) the office. 8. – Hi, John. I not (see) you for ages! – Hi, Ted. I’m sorry that I not (be) in touch with you recently. I really (be) very busy all this time. 9. – You (finish) the report yet? – No, I (write) only half of it. 10. – You (speak) to your parents today? – I just (call) them. 11. – They (reply) to your email? – Yes, we just (get) a fax from them. 12. You (see) my mobile? I’m sure I (leave) it here. 13. They say that this bank (collapse) and many people (lose) their savings. 14. At last I (do) what I always (want) to do. 15. Look! It (stop) raining and the sun (come out). 16. Since October the dollar (fall) by 10 percent against the other mail currencies.

Упражнение 2. Употребите already или yet . В некоторых случаях возможны оба варианта.

1. Has your new office furniture arrived ………. ? 2. I haven’t met our new secretary ………. .3. Have you ………. finished breakfast? 4. They haven’t got married ………., but they have ………. signed the contract. 5. The film festival hasn’t begun ………., but we have bought the tickets ………. . 6. It has ………. stopped raining. 7. Has it stopped snowing ………. ? 8. – I have ………. paid all my bills . – And I haven’t done it ………. . 9. – Have you seen the new movie ………. ? _Yes. We have ……….. seen it. 10. Has Michael left for work ………. ? 11. – I’m half an hour late ……….. – Don’t worry. 12. – I’ve ……….. had coffee, thank you. – But you haven’t tasted my apple pie ………. . 13. So, have you ………. got those faxes? 14. – Have you heard the latest new ………. ? – Yes, Dick has ………. told me about it. 15. – Has she spoken to you ………. ? – Yes, we’ve ………. discussed everything.

Упражнение 3. Употребите for или since.

1. Mrs. Honey has been a teacher ………. thirteen years. 2. My father has had this car ………. half a year. 3. We have known each other ………. . 2004. 4. I haven’t heard from her ……….. a long time. 5. They haven’t had news from home ……….. May. 6. The astronauts have been in space ……….. a year already. 7. She has had a toothache ………. ten years. 9. The tourists have been in Russia ……….. a week. 10. He has loved her ………. he first saw her. 11. She has been interested in Art ……….. she visited Paris. Dick has been able to count and read ………… he was three years old. 13. He hasn’t been anywhere ……….. he got into hospital. 14. I have known her ……….. my babyhood. 15. He has been in this business ……….. he came back from the Army. 16. He has owned this firm ……….. ten years.

Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Perfect.

1.It was warm and sunny. Spring (come) at last! 2. It snowed yesterday just as the weatherman (promise). 3. Nobody lived in the village. Tsunami (destroy) it. 4. He bought a video camera yesterday. He (dream) of it for so long. 5. The child felt much better now. The doctor (give) it some medicine. 6. Her name was Apple. Her parents (call) her so. 7. They realized that times (change). 8. He couldn’t believe that he (achieve) everything, that he (make) a good career. 9. He (live) in Samara before he came to St. Petersburg. 10. By the time the children returned home from school, Mother (cook) dinner. 11. He was upset. He (lost) his mobile phone again. 12. She couldn’t believe that he (forget) to congratulate her on her birthday. 13. The composer sang the song which he (write) many years before. 14. He was going to tell the detective some facts which he never (tell) anyone. 15. They were discussing the information they (manage) to get.

Упражнение 5. Дополните следующие предложения согласно образцу. Используйте данные в скобках слова.

- Did your parents gо to the country with you last weekend? (the weekend before)

- No, they didn"t. They had gone there the weekend before.

1.Did your mother take a day off last week? (the week before). 2. Did the children go skiing on Sunday? (the Sunday before) 3. Did Martin eat at a restaurant yesterday evening? (the eve­ning before) 4. Did your pupils see a movie last Saturday night? (the night before) 5. Did you and your friends have a picnic last Sunday? (the Sunday before) 6. Did Helen have a birthday party last night? (the night before) 7. Did they have their last exam yesterday? (the day before) 8. Did he fly to the Bahamas last weekend? (the weekend before) 9. Did you go shopping last Saturday? (the day before) 10. Did your relatives visit you on Sunday? (the Sunday before) 11. Did your workmates discuss politics at the office on Friday? (the day before) 12. Did he put his car in the garage last night? (the night before).

Упражнение 6. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Perfect.

1. Next year is Fred and Kate’s 10-th wedding anniversary. They (be) happily married for ten years. 2. The train (to leave) by the time the couple get to the station. 3. I (finish) my chemistry homework before Jillian comes home. 4. This test is so difficult, that I (not/complete) it in a day’s time.5. I won’t see Molly on the 1st of August since I (go) to the South by that time. 6 Before Lisa arrives, I (cook) dinner. 7. The commission (come) to a definite decision by the end of the day. 8. By the time I get up tomorrow morning, the sun already (rise).9. By the end of this year he (save) enough money. 10. They (make) a decision by next Friday. 11. I (pass) my driving test by the end of next month. 12. By the time we get to the airport, his plane (arrive). 13. I hope they (repair) this road by the time we come back next summer.

Упражнение 7. Ответьте, используя Future Perfect Tense и слова в скобках.

Example: Will Jill be busy at 6pm? (finish essay) Oh, no, Jilly will have finished her essay by that time.

1. Will the couple be at their hotel on Monday? (move to the old beach house)

2. Will the committee be discussing the project at 2 o’clock? (make a decision)

3. Will the pupils be writing their test at ten? (finish)

4. Will Mike’s niece still be a pupil next autumn? (finish school)

5. Will Greg still remember Molly in ten years? (forget)

6. Will Greg be at home on Tuesday? (leave for China)

Упражнение 8. Преобразуйте утвердительные предложения в отрицательные, обращая внимание на форму глагола-сказуемого.

1. He has bought a new bike.

2. I’ve sent a letter to my friend.

3. She has made a very bad mistake.

4. The children have gone to bed.

5. We’ve met our business partners.

6. They have cleaned their rooms.

7. The tourists have visited the National Gallery.

8. The teacher has checked our tests.

9. Harry has broken his car.

11. The programmer had done the work by five o’clock yesterday.

12. She was sure she had met him before.

13. She was late for the lecture as she had overslept.

14. The students had finished writing the test when the class was over.

15. She could go to England as she had received a visa.

16. They will have finished the plans by then.

17. Before his holiday Tom will have spent all his money.

18. I will have cooked dinner by then.

19. You will have learnt over half a thousand words when you finish this English book

20. Fernando will have had his operation by August.

Упражнение 9. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Perfect.

1. Thank you for everything that you (do) for us.

2. She was sorry for the things that she (do).

3. I (be) a Londoner for five and a half years by next September.

4. I’m afraid he (forget) that you are waiting for him.

5. He was afraid that she already (learn) the truth.

6. By next Tuesday Jill (finish) these novels by O’Henry.

7. You (have) dinner yet?

8. My friend complained that she (spend) all her money.

9. Molly thinks the film(to start) by the time she gets to Fred’s.

10. I not (see) my boss this week.

11. When he went out of the office, he saw that his car (disappear).

12. Johnny (translate) this document by 7pm o’clock this afternoon.

13. Where is Mr. Green? – He (go) to the bank.

14. The agent realized that he (make) a fatal mistake.

15. Helen (make) this awesome doll by her daughter’s birthday.

16. I not (look through) my favourite magazine yet.

18. Steven (not/learn) his lesson by tomorrow.

19. She already (make) different sandwiches for lunch. They are on the plates.

20. I looked out of the window and saw that the rain (stop) already.

Упражнение 10. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в страдательном залоге Present Perfect.

1. Are you going to the concert tomorrow? – No? I’m not. It (cancel) because of the weather.

2. Can I expect to get to England on time? – Sorry Madam? But all flights (delay).

3. Is your new house ready to move into? – No. The walls (not/paint) yet.

4. Did you receive my parcel? – No, it (not/deliver) yet.

5. Have they caught the bank robbers yet? - Unfortunately, no arrests (make).

6. Can I take the documents? - I’m afraid not. They (not/type) yet.

8. You (send) an invitation to the wedding? – No.

9. Fred is pleased. He (pay) five hundred dollars.

10. Don’t water the plants. They just (water).

Упражнение 11. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в страдательном залоге Past Perfect.

1. The librarian said that the books (return) to the library some days ago.

2. We didn’t go to the party because we (not invite).

3. There were no tickets left. They all (sell).

4. The computer job was no longer available. A new computer programmer already(hire).

5. Yesterday we went to look for an apartment. But by the time we got there it already (rent).

6. Our suitcases (pack) when the taxi arrived.

7. The song (record) by June.

8. When the director came the documents (check).

9. The problem (solve) by his arrival.

10. By the evening the documents (sign).

Упражнение 12. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в страдательном залоге Future Perfect.

1. Will there be any prizes? – Yes. Medals (give) to the winners.

2. The documents (type) by the type you return.

3. By this time tomorrow the announcement (make).

4. Promotion (receive) by December.

5. The house (clean) by the time her relatives come home.

6. The course (take) online.

7. Their English (improve) by the end of this term.

8. The windows (wash) by Sunday.

9. The mail (deliver) by noon.

10. The prices (determine).

Упражнение 13. Переделайте из действительного залога в страдательный.

1. I have already taken the books back to the library.

2. I had worn blue shoes.

3. We will have listened to the lecture for 3 hours.

4. She has just posted those letters.

5. Joe had cleaned the tables.

6. We will have ridden the horse for half an hour.

7. The teacher has already checked my test.

8. She had not noticed me.

9. By this time tomorrow, we will have had our injections.

10. He has lost the key.

11. They had started a fight.

12. She will have bought this house.

13. We have opened all the windows.

14. I had read an article.

15. She will have typed all the postcards.

16. I have bought bread on the way home.

17. I had not closed the window.

18. We will have watched the film.

19. I have done this exercise.

20. They had not bought the paper.

Упражнение 14. Раскройте скобки, используя действительный или страдательный залог времени Perfect.

1. Peter (to break) just the window.

3. By our next anniversary we (marry) for 30 years.

4. The exercise (to write) already.

5. That night she was very beautiful. She never (be) so lovely before.

6. By the end of next year I (work) for him for 10 years.

7. The text (to translate) just by Victor.

8. The children went for a walk only after they (do) their homework.

9. I (finish) dinner by 8 o’clock.

10. The teacher just (to explain) the new rule.

11. He explained that he not (decide) yet what University to enter.

12. More than 3.000 students (teach) by our professor by the end of this term.

13. We (to learn) the Passive Voice already.

14. There was nobody at the office. Everybody (go) out for lunch.

15. By the time he retires he (save) 20.000£.

16. A new school (to build) in this street recently.

17. Nobody could explain what really (happen).

Учебное издание

Ольга Владимировна Мозговая

Наталья Станиславовна Хван

Английский язык. Самостоятельная работа студентов в техническом вузе.

Методические указания

План электронных изданий 2016 г. Поз. № 16В

Подписано на «Выпуск в свет» 08.10.16. Уч-изд. л. 1,08.

На магнитоносителе.

Волгоградский государственный технический университет.

400005, г. Волгоград, пр. Ленина, 28, корп. 1.

После того, как вы изучили Present Perfect Tense (для начинающих) , переходим к упражнениям. 23 упражнения на отработку основных случаев помогут вам хорошенько запомнить, как строится это время, а также отработать основные подсказки для начинающих. В качестве наглядного материала, как всегда, будем пользоваться схемами из книги

Present Perfect Tense (упражнения для начинающих)

I. Утвердительные предложения в Present Perfect Tense

Д3 — это третья форма глагола.

Д3 = Д+ed (для правильных глаголов)

Д3 — искать в таблице неправильных глаголов (если глагол неправильный)

Упражнение 1. Выпишите в два столбика глаголы в третьей форме. В один столбик глаголы, образованные от правильных глаголов, в другой — от неправильных.

Had, met, written, done, cleaned, rained, seen, said, gone, sung, cut, happened, locked, made, lived, asked, liked, slept, told, fallen.

Упражнение 2. Составьте предложения с выражениями:

1. go to bed — ложиться спать
2. see a new film — посмотреть новый фильм
3. clean the room — убрать комнату
4. fall ill — заболеть
5. write a poem — написать стихотворение

Упражнение 3. Напишите, что вы сделали.

ПРИМЕР
Now the room is beautiful. — I have cleaned the room.
Теперь комната красивая. — Я убрался в комнате.

1. Now the work is done. (Теперь работа сделана). —
2. Now dinner is ready. (Обед готов.) —
3. Now the door is locked. (Дверь заперта.) —
4. Now the story is told. (История рассказана.) —
5. Now the song is sung. (Песня спета.) —

Упражнение 4. Вставьте глаголы в Present Perfect Tense.

1. Helen _______________(ушла).
2. My sister ____________ (заболела).
3. My brother ____________(лег спать).
4. Father ______________(запер) the door.
5. Mother _________ (приготовила) the dinner.

Упражнение 5. Вспомните формы неправильных глаголов, напишите их и проверьте себя по таблице.

1. write
2. drink

Запомните:

• been to … — был в (но уже вернулся)
• gone to … — уехал в (еще не вернулся)

• She has been to Italy. (= Она была в Италии, но уже вернулась.)
• He has gone to Italy. (= Он уехал в Италию, но еще не вернулся.)

Упражнение 6. Вставьте been to/ gone to.

1. Jim is on holiday. He’s ……….to France.
2. Hello! I’ve just ……………….. to the shops. I’ve bought lots of things.
3. Alice isn’t here at the moment. She’s…………to the shops to get a newspaper.
4. Tom has ………out. He’ll be back in about an hour.
5. Are you going to the bank? — No, I’ve already ……….to the bank.

Упражнение 7. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Present Perfect.

1. John (write) his name.
2. I (draw) a picture.
3. The cat (drink) its milk.
4. The tree (fall) across the road.
5. John (give) his bicycle to his brother.
6. You (make) a mistake.
7. We (eat) our dinner.
8. The train (go).
9. I (tell) the truth.
10. She (buy) bread.

Упражнение 8. Ответьте на вопросы утвердительно, употребляя глагол в Present Perfect.
ПРИМЕР. Are the rooms clean? (do) — Yes, Mother has done them.

1. Does she know the song? (learn)
2. Is breakfast ready? (cook)
3. Do you know how tasty the pie is? (eat)
4. Is she at home? (come)
5. Do you know the melody? (hear many times)
6. Can you speak on the subject? (read about it)
7. Is Ann on holiday? (go to Italy)
8. Are you ready with the report? (write it)
9. Can you do this work? (finish it)

Упражнение 9. Ответьте на вопросы, используя слово just — только что и слова, данные в скобках.

ПРИМЕР. Would you like to have something to eat?

(no/thank you/ I / just/ have dinner) — No, thank you. I have just had dinner.

1. Have you seen John anywhere? (yes/ I/ just / see/ him)._____________________________
2. Has Ann phoned yet? (yes/ she/ just/ phone)____________________________________
3. Would you like to go for a walk? (no/ I/ just/ come home).___________________________

Упражнение 10. Вставьте наречия never*, already*, just* в нужное место каждого утвердительного предложения (согласно схеме ВЫШЕ) и переведите их.

ПРИМЕР. Jack has washed the dog. —

1. Jack has never washed his dog.
2. Jack has already washed his dog.
3. Jack has just washed his dog.

* * *

Упражнение 11. Ответьте, используя слова already* — уже, just* — только что.

ПРИМЕР. Will you make some sandwiches, please? — But I have already made them.

1. Do the flat, will you? 2. Why don’t you sweep the floor, please? 3. Please, give Peter this dictionary. 4. Will you send a telegram to Mary, please? 5. Write them a letter, please! 6. Don’t forget to phone Mother. 7. Will you show the children your new books, please? 8. Make fresh tea, please! 9. Bring, some more bread from the kitchen, please! 10. Will you wash up the dishes, please!

Упражнение 12. Сделайте данные предложения отрицательными, используя слово never.

Наречие never* — никогда ставится только в утвердительное предложение.

1. Jack has washed the dog.
2. Father has cleaned his car.
3. Granny has bought me some clothes.
4. They have painted their old house.
5. My sister has cooked breakfast for the family.

II. Отрицательные и вопросительные предложения в Present Perfect Tense

Упражнение 13. Сделайте предложения отрицательными.

1. The cat has eaten fish. 2. I have been to India. 3. She has broken the vase. 4. The train has arrived. 5. It has started to rain. 6. We have left our textbooks at school. 7. The city has changed a lot. 8. You have worked here for a long time. 9. I have slept well. 10. They have gone to bed.

Упражнение 14. Напишите, что еще не сделали это.

ПРИМЕР. I am still doing my homework. — I haven’t done my homework yet.

1. I am still translating the text. —
2. I am still writing the exercise. —
3. I am still cleaning my room. —
4. He is still reading the story. —
5. He is still washing his bike. —
6. They are still discussing the book. —
7. They are still having lunch. —
8. We are still having breakfast. —
9. She is still making sandwiches. —
10. She is still answering the questions.

Упражнение 15. Составьте предложения с данными словосочетаниями о том, что уже сделано и что еще не сделано.

1. drink coffee
2. take the dog for a walk.
3. clean the floor
4. do the shopping
5. wash the dishes
6. have breakfast
7. water the plants
8. cook dinner
9. do lessons
10. paint the walls

1. Already done (уже сделано): I have already drunk coffee.
   
2. Not done yet (еще не сделано): I haven’t taken the dog for a walk yet.
   

Запомните выражение. Not yet. — Еще нет.

Упражнение 16. Ответьте на вопросы утвердительно или отрицательно в краткой форме.

ПРИМЕР. Have you been to Sochi? — Yes, I have. (No, I haven’t)

1. Have you read «Harry Potter»? —
2. Has your friend been to a football match? —
3. Have they visited History Museum this year? —
4. Have you already learnt to swim? —
5. Has your father had a car accident?

Упражнение 17. Составьте вопросы по образцу, используя слова, данные в скобках. В ответах на вопросы, используйте наречие never , где возможно.

ПРИМЕР. (you ever / be / to Italy) – Have you ever been to Italy?

1. You / ever/ be / to South America?
2. You / read / any English books?
3. You /live/ in this house all your life?
4. How many times / you/ be / in love?
5. What’s / the most beautiful country / you/ ever / visit?
6. You ever/ speak / to a famous person?

Упражнение 18. Задайте вопрос к предложению и ответьте на него отрицательно, используя наречие yet.

ПРИМЕР. I have seen this film. — Have you seen this film? — I haven’t seen this film yet.

1. The bus has turned to the right. —
2. She has put on my scarf. —
3. We have been here many times. —

Упражнение 18.1. Задайте вопрос к предложению и ответьте на него отрицательно, используя парные наречия ever (когда-нибудь) — never (никогда)

ПРИМЕР. I have seen this film. — Have you ever seen this film? — I have never seen this film.

1. I have written my friend a letter. —
2. The boy has ridden a horse. —
3. She has put on my scarf. —
4. The girls have washed all the plates. —
5. We have been here. —

Упражнение 19. Задайте вопросы к предложениям.

1. I have read the evening newspaper. — What…..
2. She has brought five cups. — How many…
3. The daughter has dusted the sideboard. — Who….
4. You have helped me very much. — How….
5. We have finished our work. — What ….
6. Father has gone to work. — Where ….. to?

Упражнение 20 . Спросите по-английски, используя Present Perfect Tense

• ссориться — quarrel
• болеть гриппом — have a flu
• дарить цветы — present flowers
• пробовать авокадо — taste avocado
• влюбляться — fall in love

1. Вы когда-нибудь были в Лондоне? 2. Он когда-нибудь рассказывал вам о своей жене? 3. Они когда-нибудь ссорились ? 4. Вы когда-нибудь болели гриппом ? 5. Он когда-нибудь дарил вам цветы ? 6. Вы когда-нибудь летали на самолете?: 7. Вы когда-нибудь видели такую красивую девушку? 8. Вы когда-нибудь учили французский? 9. Вы когда-нибудь пробовали авокадо ? 10. Вы были влюблены когда-нибудь?

Present Perfect Tense. Упражнения на все виды предложений

Упражнение 21. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Perfect Tense.

1. He (not answer) my letter yet.
2. You ever (eat) caviar?
3. She already (become) a student.
4. They (travel) all over the world.
5. How long you (be) here?
6. I saw her in May but I (not see) her this month.
7. My friend (buy) a new car.
8. I (lose) my gloves.
9. I never (ride) a camel.
10. They never (behave) like this before.

Упражнение 22. Вставьте already, ever, yet, just в предложения.

1. Have you … been to Africa? 2. Have you finished writing your essay? — I haven’t finished it …. 3. Shall I pay the waiter? — No, I’ve … paid the bill. 4. Have you .. spoken to a famous person? 5. Ann, lay the table. I’ve … cooked dinner. 6. They don’t know what the problem is. They have … arrived. 7. Is it a good film? — Yes, it’s the best I have … seen. 8.The letter hasn’t come … . 9. She has … explained the situation to me. 10. He hasn’t invited me to the party … . 11. Nobody has found the lost dog ….

Упражнение 23. Скажите это по-английски.

1. Моя сестра умеет читать. Она уже прочла две книги.
2. Ты уже сделал эту работу?
3. Он уже ушел.
4. Где Виктор? – Я его еще не видел. Я только что пришел домой.
5. Ты уже выводил собаку на прогулку (take out)? – Еще нет.
6. Я никогда еще не видел такой (such) большой собаки.

Англичане не ограничиваются в своем языке употреблением только настоящего, прошедшего и будущего. Каждое из перечисленных времен имеет несколько вариантов. Так, одна из наиболее сложных групп, но часто используемых, это Perfect, которая порой вызывает затруднения в понимании.

Стилистика английского языка любит конкретику, именно поэтому каждое действие имеет свой личный характер. Чтобы Вам было легче понять, что представляет из себя Perfect, рассмотрим ее с разных сторон.

Времена этой группы, также как и другие ее «братья», могут отражать и настоящее, и прошедшее, и будущее. Очень похожи по названию и стилю времена группы Perfect Continuous.

1. Present Perfect — настоящее завершенное время
2. Past Perfect — прошедшее завершенное время
3. Future Perfect — будущее завершенное время
4. Present Perfect Continuous — настоящее завершенное продолженное время
5. Past Perfect Continuous — прошедшее завершенное продолженное время
6. Future Perfect Continuous — будущее завершенное продолженное время

Образование

В каждом времени используется вспомогательный глагол have (has — для she, he, it) , который не переводится и не несет смысловой нагрузки. Это просто помощник, который обязательно должен быть в предложении. В Past используется вторая форма: had , а в Future образовывается сочетанием will / shall + have.

А вот значение действия передает сказуемое (глагол), который принимает форму V 3 или V ed . Угадывать, когда и что поставить, не придется. Все элементарно просто. Глаголы английского языка могут быть правильные и неправильные. Вторые собраны в таблицу, где и представлены все их формы. Если же вы там не найдете нужного слова, значит, смело добавляем окончание ed.

Для каждого времени есть формулы, которые обязательны для запоминания.

Так как вспомогательный глагол выполняет только грамматическую функцию, его можно сократить, чтобы не нагромождать предложение:

I have = I’ve, She has = she’s, he had = he’d, we will = we’ll

have not = haven’t, has not = hasn’t, will not = won’t

Значение

Present Perfect и Past Perfect, а также Future Perfect — все они используются для описания действия, которое уже закончилось к определенному моменту в настоящем, прошедшем или будущем.

• Present Perfect «находясь в настоящем, заглядывает в прошлое», как бы напоминая про уже совершенное действие, которое интересно для дальнейшего разговора. Другими словами, этим временем мы подчеркиваем то, что актуально сейчас, что повлекло за собой события настоящего.

Jim has lost his ticket. So he can’t fly with us. — Джим потерял свой билет. Поэтому он не может лететь с нами.

We have only recieved two letters from him since he came back. — Мы получили только два письма с тех пор, как он вернулся.

• Past Perfect описывает также прошедшие события, которые закончились к определенному моменту в прошлом. Это может быть и время, например, к 5 часам (by 5 o’clock), либо же другое событие: «Ребенок проснулся до того, как пришли гости» — сначала ребенок проснулся (Past Perfect), а потом пришли — Past Simple. Важно отметить, что здесь не подчеркивается очередность, а наоборот, нарушается хронологический порядок: «Я вышел и вспомнил, что оставил книги дома» — оставил и будет Past Perfect.

I had finished the cleaning before he returned. — Я закончил уборку до того, как он вернулся.

The bus hadn’t arrived by 6 o’clock. — Автобус не прибыл к 6 часам.

• Future Perfect показывает также завершенные события, но в будущем. Как и Past Perfect, он может закончиться к определенному событию или времени завтра, на следующей неделе или месяце: «Завтра к 5 часам ребенок уже проснется» или «До того, как гости придут, ребенок уже проснется».

We will have translated the article before the teacher comes. — Мы переведем статью до того, как придет учитель.

The plane will have flown away by the time we get to the airport. — Самолет улетит к тому времени, как мы приедем в аэропорт.

Слова-подсказки

Future Perfect, Past Perfect и Present Perfect почти всегда сопровождаются маркерами, сигнальными словами, которые и помогают узнать эти времена в контексте.

1. Для настоящего времени: already, just, lately, ever, never, still, yet, this morning, today, resently, since, for.
2. Для прошедшего времени: by .., before, after.
3. Для будущего времени: by .., before, after.

Эти времена не сложно понять. И лучшими помощниками в этом нехитром деле будут упражнения на Past Perfect и Present Perfect, которые заставят вас задуматься над каждым случаем, проанализировать и сравнить.

Итак, надеюсь, к концу статьи у вас сложилась целостная картина о презент перфект и паст перфект, об их назначении и употреблении. Конечно, здесь мы рассмотрели общую информацию о временах группы Perfect. Но каждый случай необходимо изучить в отдельности. На нашем сайте вы не только найдете все правила, но и сможете отработать в упражнениях. Постигайте английский постепенно, от слова к слову, от предложения и предложению, и не забывайте расширять свой лексический запас.

Упражнения

1. By the time you recieve this letter I (finish) my final exams.
2. He (write) 3 reports on an accident when his mother called.
3. I don’t think I (do) these exercises by 3 o’clock.
4. He was looking forward to a good meal at home, but Jill (go) out.
5. Your house looks nice. You (paint ) it?
6. After we (discuss) all details on the phone I wrote a letter about it.
7. Before my 18th birthday I (not/be) out of England.
8. It is the easiest job I (ever/have) .
9. I fell better after I (take) the medicine.
10. I (not/be) there for ages.
11. She (tidy up) the flat before he comes.
12. I was late. The teacher already (give) a quiz when I came into the classroom.
13. The workers (ship) the goods before the telegram arrives.
14. I am here for an hour. Where you (be) ?
15. When I got to the station, the 9 o’clock train (already/leave) .

1. will have finished

3. will have done

5. Have you painted

6. had discussed

7. hadn’t been

8. have ever had

10. haven’t been

11. will have tidied up

12. had already given

13. will have shipped

14. have you been

Теперь можно преступить к упражнениям на отработку Future Perfect .

Future Perfect Exercises.

Упражнение 1 . Вставьте глагол во времени Future Perfect.

1. I ________ a Londoner for five and a half years by next September. (be)
2. By Tuesday Jill ________ these novels by O’Henry. (finish)
3. Next year is Fred and Kate’s 10th wedding anniversary. They _________ happily married for ten years. (be)
4. Molly thinks the film _________ by the time she gets to Fred’s. (to start)
5. They _________ the plans by then. (to finish)
6. Before his holiday Tom _______ all his money. (to spend)
7. The train _________ by the time the couple get to the station. (to leave)
8. I __________ dinner by then. (cook)
9. I _______my chemistry homework before Jillian comes home. (finish)
10. Fernando __________ his operation by August and should be much fitter. (have)
11. Before Lisa arrives, I _________ dinner. (finish)
12. Johnny ___________ this document by 7pm o’clock this afternoon. (translate)
13. Helen _______ this awesome doll by her daughter’s birthday. (make)
14. Steven ________ his lesson by tomorrow. (not/learn)
15. This test is so arduous, that I _________ it in a day’s time. (not/complete)
16. You __________ over half a thousand words when you finish this English book (learn).
17. The commission _________ to a definite decision in a month. (come)
18. I won’t see Molly on the 1 st of August since I _________ to the South by that time. (go)

Упражнение 2. Ответьте, используя Future Perfect Tense и слова в скобках.

Example: Will Jill be busy at 6pm? (finish essay)

Oh, no, Jilly will have finished her essay by that time.

1. Will the couple be at their hotel on Monday? (move to the old beach house)
2. Will the committee be discussing the project at 2 o’clock? (make a decision)
3. Will the pupils be writing their test at ten? (finish)
4. Will Mike’s niece still be a pupil next autumn? (finish school)
5. Will Greg still remember Molly in ten years? (forget)
6. Will Greg be at home on Tuesday? (leave for China)

Упражнение 3. Составьте предложения во времени Future Perfect .

1. have / Jill / she / perfected / will / from / her / by the time / Japanese / comes / Tokyo.
2. promotion /Melody / have / By December / will / her / received.
3. gets home / Helen’s / cleaned / By the time / relatives / she / will / the house / have.
4. to communicate / Steven / he / learned / Will / have / well / Chinese / before / enough / flies to Beijing?
5. finishes / have / By the time / twenty / taken / Jillian’s father / that course / he / will / online tests.

Упражнение 4. Translate into English using Future Perfect.

1. Майкл закончит этот отчет до завтра.
2. Студенты доделают работу к трем часам по полудню.
3. К июню мы сдадим сессию.
4. Строители построят школу к началу сентября.
5. Я напишу заявление к тому времени, как приедет секретарь.
6. Поезд уйдет, пока мы доберемся до станции.
7. Зоя переведет этот доклад к понедельнику.
8. К ночи Меган переведет эту длинную статью.
9. Стивен уже уедет в Париж, когда Молли вернется из Конго.
10. Зора не дочитает эту дурацкую книгу к концу года.

Ответы к упражнениям на Future Perfect.

Exercise 1 .

1 will have been, 2 will have finished, 3 will have been, 4 will have started, 5 will have finished, 6 will have spent, 7 will have left, 8 will have cooked, 9 will have finished, 10 will have had, 11 will have finished, 12 will have translated, 13 will have made, 14 won’t have learnt / learned, 15 won’t have completed, 16 will have learnt / learned, 17 will have come, 18 will have gone.

Exercise 2.

Possible answers:

1. Oh, no, the couple will have moved to the old beach house.
2. Oh, no, the committee will have made a decision by then.
3. Oh, no, the pupils will have finished their test by 10.
4. Oh, no, Mike’s niece will have finished school by next autumn.
5. Oh, no, Greg will have forgotten Molly.
6. Oh, no, Greg will have left for China by Tuesday.

Exercise 3.

• Jill will have perfected her Japanese by the time she comes from Tokyo.
• By December, Melody will have received her promotion.
• By the time Helen’s relatives gets home, she will have cleaned the house.
• Will Steven have learned Chinese well enough to communicate before he flies to Beijing?
• By the time Jillian’s father finishes that course, he will have taken twenty online tests.

Exercise 4.

Possible sentences.

1. Michael will have finished this report by tomorrow.
2. The students will have finished the work by 3pm.
3. By June, we’ll have passed our exams.
4. The builders will have built a school by September.
5. I will have written an application by the time the secretary comes.
6. The train will have left before we get to the station.
7. Zoe will have translated the report by Monday.
8. By night, Megan will have translated this long article.
9. Steven will have left for Paris when Molly comes back from the Congo.
10. Zora won’t have read the stupid book by the end of the year.

Надеюсь, Вы сочли полезными эти Future Perfect упражнения .